1 Samuel 20:5

Authorized King James Version

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And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 19
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִ֜ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֜ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 19
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 19
near, with or among; often in general, to
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֗ן unto Jonathan H3083
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֗ן unto Jonathan
Strong's: H3083
Word #: 4 of 19
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
הִֽנֵּה H2009
הִֽנֵּה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 5 of 19
lo!
חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ is the new moon H2320
חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ is the new moon
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 6 of 19
the new moon; by implication, a month
מָחָ֔ר Behold to morrow H4279
מָחָ֔ר Behold to morrow
Strong's: H4279
Word #: 7 of 19
properly, deferred, i.e., the morrow; usually (adverbially) tomorrow; indefinitely, hereafter
וְאָֽנֹכִ֛י H595
וְאָֽנֹכִ֛י
Strong's: H595
Word #: 8 of 19
i
אֵשֵׁ֥ב and I should not fail H3427
אֵשֵׁ֥ב and I should not fail
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 9 of 19
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
אֵשֵׁ֥ב and I should not fail H3427
אֵשֵׁ֥ב and I should not fail
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 10 of 19
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 11 of 19
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ with the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ with the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 12 of 19
a king
לֶֽאֱכ֑וֹל at meat H398
לֶֽאֱכ֑וֹל at meat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 13 of 19
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ but let me go H7971
וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ but let me go
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 14 of 19
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י that I may hide H5641
וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י that I may hide
Strong's: H5641
Word #: 15 of 19
to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively
בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה myself in the field H7704
בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה myself in the field
Strong's: H7704
Word #: 16 of 19
a field (as flat)
עַ֖ד H5704
עַ֖ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 17 of 19
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הָעֶ֥רֶב day at even H6153
הָעֶ֥רֶב day at even
Strong's: H6153
Word #: 18 of 19
dusk
הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ unto the third H7992
הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ unto the third
Strong's: H7992
Word #: 19 of 19
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)

Analysis & Commentary

And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.

David's plan leveraged the New Moon feast (rosh chodesh) as test of Saul's intentions. His obligation to 'sit with the king at meat' was formal court protocol; absence would be noticed. The phrase 'hide myself in the field' shows David's continued fear despite Jonathan's assurances. The 'third day' allowed time for Saul's response to develop fully. Prudent planning combined with trust in God - David did not presume on past deliverances but prepared for the worst while hoping for the best.

Historical Context

New Moon festivals were observed with special sacrifices and feasts (Numbers 28:11-15). Court officials were expected to attend royal feasts. The three-day period provided sufficient time to assess Saul's response. David's planned hiding place would later become the location for Jonathan's arrow signal.

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